Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Introduction

Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is a chronic pain condition that impacts both muscles and fascia. The term "Myo" refers to muscles, and "fascial" refers to fascia. It is a condition that affects both genders equally, although it is more prevalent in inactive individuals or those with sedentary jobs, such as computer professionals.

Muscle pain may develop for various reasons and often resolves with basic treatments. However, when it persists for an extended period and becomes chronic, it can develop into Myofascial Pain Syndrome. Chronic MPS requires more specific therapy.

MPS can be acute or chronic. Acute MPS typically requires basic treatment, while chronic MPS (lasting more than six months) may require focused, ongoing therapy. The prognosis for chronic MPS is generally poor without treatment.

Sensitive areas known as trigger points can form in muscles after prolonged activity. Trigger points cause muscle pain and tenderness. When these areas persist, the condition becomes Myofascial Pain Syndrome. Trigger points are defined as areas that are tender to touch and can cause referred pain in nearby areas.

Types of Trigger Points:

• Active Trigger Point: Tender to touch and causes referred pain.
• Latent Trigger Point: Dormant but can become active.
• Secondary Trigger Point: Located in muscles other than the ones with active trigger points.
• Satellite Trigger Point: Inactive due to proximity to another active trigger point.

Common muscles affected by MPS include the sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, levator scapulae, infraspinatus, and rhomboids. Symptoms of MPS can include headaches, disturbed sleep, anxiety, depression, and generalized fatigue.

Fascia is connective tissue that surrounds muscles, organs, blood vessels, and nerves. It allows muscles to contract and relax smoothly while minimizing friction and muscle tearing. Myofascial pain can range from dull, constant pain to sharp pain when the condition flares up.

Risk Factors

• Muscle Damage: Trigger points can develop following acute muscle injury or stress.
• Poor Ergonomics: Abnormal postures and overuse can lead to trigger points.
• Structural and Systemic Conditions: Conditions such as arthritis and deficiencies can exacerbate MPS.
• Stress and Anxiety: Can increase the risk of developing trigger points.
• Deficiency Disorders: Deficiencies in vitamins, such as Vitamin D, B12, and folate, can contribute to MPS.

Signs and Symptoms

• A tender muscle knot
• Persistent pain that worsens
• Trouble sleeping due to pain
• Deep, aching muscle pain

Complications

Potential complications associated with MPS include:

• Sleep Problems: Patients often experience disturbed sleep due to pain.
• Fibromyalgia: Both conditions produce pain, but while fibromyalgia causes pain throughout the body, MPS results in localized pain.

How Do We Treat It at Fitbox Physio?

At Fitbox Physio, we offer comprehensive treatment for Myofascial Pain Syndrome. Our therapies include:

• Physical Therapy: Stretching of tight muscles, strengthening weak muscles, and teaching proper ergonomics.
• Dry Needling: Trigger point injections and other methods to release trigger points.
• Modalities: Laser, ultrasound, TENS, and heat/cold therapy to reduce muscle soreness and tension.
• Relaxation Techniques: To improve general health and sleep quality.
• Dietary Modifications: Focusing on Vitamin B12 and folic acid to support recovery.
• Cervical and Thoracic Mobilization Exercises: To improve range of motion and joint health.

Patients are encouraged to maintain an active lifestyle and follow prescribed exercises at home to improve their long-term health and manage symptoms.